Complications and diseases associated with diabetes

I think we all know what they are, but it is worth remembering in case someone is not clear:

Complications and diseases associated with diabetes
Ministry of Health and Social Protection & GT;Health & GT;Public Health & GT;Prevention of noncommissible diseases & GT;Complications and diseases associated with diabetes
Just as it is important to know what is the management of type 1 diabetes, it is essential that you know the complications that can be presented.

Ketones:
When your blood glucose levels rise because there is not enough insulin so that your cells can take advantage of it, your body begins to use the fats consumed to try to produce energy.However, this process produces harmful waste for your health called ketones.

It is important to determine the presence of ketones with your medical team, if you have glycemia higher or equal to 250 mg/dl, infections such as the flu, or present the following symptoms:

• Nausea or vomiting.
• Breath with fruits smell
• Pain in your stomach
• Fast breathing
• Drying in the mouth
• Sensation of discomfort

Hypoglycemia:
It is the low level of sugar or glucose in your blood less than 60 mg/dl, which can generate symptoms such as sweating, dizziness, confusion, loss of consciousness, among others.

Hyperglycemia:
It refers to high blood glucose levels.For example, fasting figure greater than 110 mg/dl.If hyperglycemia is repetitive, it can generate long -term complications, such as the following:
Having high blood glucose levels, persistently, permanent nerve damage can be developed that allow you to move, feel cold, heat or pressure.This occurs because high glucose, slowly injuring your nerves until they affect their function.
Sexual impotence
Nerve damage ((diabetic neuropathy)
Numbness and tremor of limb
Diarrhea
Loss of sensitivity in some parts of the body
Urinary incontinence (loss of bladder control)
Vision Changes
Dizziness
Muscle weakness
Difficulty to pass food
Involuntary muscle contractions
Burning
Not explainable in limbs

Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy)
Persistent blood glucose elevation can also cause damage to the kidney function.This can translate into problems such as arterial hypertension, and problems to filter some potentially toxic substances that can be found in your blood.

Heart disease and blood vessels.
Diabetes can increase the risk of problems in your heart and vessels, due to hyperglycemia.This includes heart attacks, chest pain or angina and obstructions in the arteries that nourish your heart with blood

Other complications:
• Eye damage (retinopathy)
• Increased skin and mouth diseases: Diabetes can make you more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections.
• Osteoporosis: Decreased bone density
How to prevent complications:
• Do not smoke, nor ingest alcoholic beverages
• Ensure that the food you consume daily does not bring you more than 30% of what you need in fat
• Do you frequently do the physical exercise that you like to do the most
• Ask your doctor to ask you for a cholesterol exam at least once a year
• In the medical appointment they request that blood pressure measure you
• After twelve years of age, he visits the doctor specializing in eyes at least once a year
• Ask for the micro albuminuria test annually.

Other diabetes related diseases:

Obesity:
It is important that you monitor your weight as an important strategy to prevent other complications and diseases.The body mass index or BMI is one of the ways to know that there is a healthy weightor not.This is calculated by dividing the kilograms of your weight by the square of the height in meters (BMI = weight [kg]/ height2 [m2]).

Body mass index values ​​or BMI:
• 18.5 to 24.9 indicates that you have a healthy weight
• 25 to 29.9 indicates that you are overweight
• 30 or more indicates that you are in obesity

A body mass index greater than 30, that is, obesity, can be associated with the possibility of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels.However, if your body mass index indicates overweight, it is essential that you think about making changes to your lifestyle with respect to your diet and physical activity.For example you can put the goal of reducing 10% of your body weight;This, in addition to helping you prevent complications, improve your health status and mobility.Another important consideration is the measure of the perimeter of your abdomen.

• If you are a woman, your ideal measure is less than 89 cm and
• If you are a man, your ideal measure is less than 102 cm.

Major figures have been associated with greater risk of having diseases that can affect your quality of life and longevity, such as heart disease, increased blood pressure, increased resistance to insulin action and some types of cancer.

Heart disease
Both the level of glucose persistently high in blood and the increased presence of intra-abdominal fat increase the possibility of having diseases in your heart and blood vessels.In fact, it seems clear that inflammation is an important factor in obesity and type 2 diabetes, since it not only contributes to producing these disorders, but also establishes a link between them.However, the knowledge of the mechanism involved in the development, inflammation and instability of fat plaques that can be formed within the arteries has led to the concept of linking these diseases with each other.

Thyroid disease
Thyroid hormone is responsible for regulating many of the functions in the body.This hormone occurs in the thyroid gland, located on your neck.When the production of this hormone decreases a condition called hypothyroidism and when hyperthyroidism increases.In these two conditions, digestive symptoms, the heart, skin, variations in mood, in the weight among others, can occur.It is important that if they made you the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, also check how the thyroid function is.

Cholesterol and high fat in the blood (dyslipidemia)
When there is an increase in fats in your blood, it can be a dyslipidemia.In this condition there is an increase in bad fats and a decrease in good fats in the blood.This can cause other types of diseases, especially in the heart and blood vessels.As an important part of the control of diabetes, it is essential to test, to know what are the values ​​of these fats in your blood.The food you consume, as well as the physical activity you do play a decisive role for the prevention of dyslipidemia and diseases in the heart and blood vessels.

References:
-ASchner, P. et al.Guides Latin American Association of Diabetes ALAD.Magazine of the Latin American Association of Diabetes.(2006)
- Philip E. Cryer, Lloyd Axelrod, Ashley B. Grossman, Simon R. Heller, Victor M. Montori, Elizabeth R. Seaquist and F. John Service Ada: Evaluation and Management of Adult Hypolycemic Disorders: An endocrine society clinical practice Guideline.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (2009)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disposses NiH.Diabetes.NIH (2013)[[ERROR-TRANS]] Link

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