A1C (HBA1C): Test that measures the average blood glucose level of a person during the last 2 to 3 months.Hemoglobin, component of red blood cells that transports oxygen to cells, sometimes binds to glucose in the bloodstream.Also called A1C hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin, this test reflects the amount of glucose attached to red blood cells, which is proportional to the amount of blood glucose.
Nigricans acanthosis: skin condition characterized by dark spots, common in people with insulin resistance, a state in which the body does not respond properly to insulin produced by the pancreas.This condition is also presented in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes type 2.
Oral hypoglycemic agents: medications orally administered to people with type 2 diabetes to maintain blood glucose levels as close as possible.They include alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, Biguanidas, D-Fenylalanine derivatives, DPP-4 inhibitors, meglitinides, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones.
Albumin: main protein in the blood.In people developing diabetic renal disease, small amounts of albumin are released in urine, a condition known as microalbuminuria.As renal disease progresses, more albumin passes to urine, a condition known as macroalbuminuria or proteinuria.Increases in urinary albumin indicate decrease in renal filtration capacity.
Sugar alcohols: sweeteners that cause a minor elevation of blood glucose compared to other carbohydrates.They contribute 2 calories per gram.They include erythritol, hydrogenated hydrolyzed starches, isomalta, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol.Also known as polyles.
ADA: American Diabetes Association.
Antibodies: proteins that the body produces to protect against strange substances, such as bacteria or viruses.Type 1 diabetes develops when the body produces antibodies that attack its own beta cells insulin producing.
Atherosclerosis: disease characterized by the blockage, narrowing and hardening of the large arteries of the body.It can lead to coronary heart disease, infarction, peripheral arterial disease, stroke and transient ischemic attack.It can also damage the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys.
Self -care: Continuous process for the self -control of diabetes, which includes meal planning, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, diabetes medication management, management of disease episodes and fluctuations at glucose levels, and diabetes controlduring trips, among others.People with diabetes design their own treatment and control regime in collaboration with health professionals.
Bolo: Additional dose of insulin administered to cover an anticipated increase in blood glucose, usually due to a meal or snack.
Insulin pump (microinfusora): Approximate size device of a card deck that administers insulin and can be taken in a belt or pocket.Connected through a thin plastic tube that ends in a needle inserted under the skin, the pump releases insulin constantly or in bowling during the day, according to user programming.
Caloria: Energy unit produced by food.Carbohydrates, fats, proteins and alcohols provide calories in the diet.Carbohydrates and proteins have 4 calories per gram, the fats 9 calories per gram and alcohols 7 calories per gram.
Carbohydrate: one of the three main nutrients of food, including starches, vegetables, fruits, dairy products and sugars.
Alpha cell: cell type in the pancreas thatProduces and releases glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose when its levels are too low.
Beta cell: insulin producing cell located in the islets of the pancreas.
Diabetic ketoacidosis: emergency condition characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels and a severe lack of insulin, which leads to the decomposition of body fat as a source of energy and the accumulation of ketones in blood and urine.Signs include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fruity breath and accelerated breathing.Without treatment, it can cause coma and death.
Cetona: Compound produced when there is a shortage of blood insulin and the body breaks fat to obtain energy.High levels may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis.
Cetonuria: presence of ketones in the urine, a warning sign of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Cetosis: accumulation of ketones in the body, which can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis.Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
Blood glucose check: measurement of blood glucose levels using a meter or reactive strips that change color to blood contact, allowing to control diabetes.
Colesterol: Type of fat produced by the liver and found in the blood, also present in some foods.The body uses cholesterol to produce hormones and build cell walls.
HDL cholesterol: high density lipoproteins that transport additional cholesterol from the blood to the liver for elimination.Known as "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol: low density lipoproteins that transport cholesterol through the body.Known as "bad" cholesterol when deposited on arterial walls.
Carbohydrate counting: Food planning method for people with diabetes based on counting carbohydrates in food.
Dextrose: Simple blood sugar, main source of body energy.Also known as glucose.
Diabetes: condition characterized by hyperglycemia (high level of blood glucose) due to the inability of the body to use glucose as a source of energy.In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas stops producing insulin, preventing glucose from entering cells to be used as energy.In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the body does not use it properly.Also known as diabetes mellitus.
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): Type of diabetes, usually diagnosed after 30 years, where people show signs of type 1 diabetes and type 2. Most still produce their own insulin by being diagnosed and do not need insulin injectionsimmediately.Some experts consider LADA as a slow form of type 1 diabetes, since patients have antibodies against beta cells insulin producers in the pancreas.Over time, people with Lada must take insulin to control blood glucose levels.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: type of diabetes that develops only during pregnancy and generally disappears after childbirth, but increases the risk that the mother develops diabetes later in life.It is controlled with diet, exercise and, in some cases, medication.
Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: Unusual form of monogenic diabetes that occurs in the first 6 months of life.In approximately half of the cases, the condition is permanent and is known as permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM).In other cases, it is transitory and disappears during childhood, but it can reappear later in life;This type is called Transitory Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (TNDM).
Secondary diabetes: type of diabetes caused by another disease or certain medicationsor substances.
Type 1 diabetes: condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by a total insulin lack.It occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells of insulin producers in the pancreas, resulting in little or no insulin production.It develops more commonly in young people, but may appear in adults.
Type 2 diabetes: condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by a lack of insulin or the inability of the body to effectively use insulin.It develops more commonly in medium -sized or older adults, but may appear in children, adolescents and young people.
Diabetologist: Medical specialized in the treatment of people with diabetes.
Diabetes certified educator: Professional of Health Specialized in Diabetes Education that has met the eligibility requirements and approved a certification exam.
Somogyi effect: Increase in blood glucose levels after an episode of hypoglycemia, caused by the release of stress hormones.Also known as bounce hyperglycemia.
Celiac disease: inability to digest and absorb proteins called gluten, found in wheat, rye and barley.It causes damage to the cladding of the small intestine, preventing the absorption of nutrients.Also known as celiac Esprue, gluten intolerance and non -tropical sprue.
Cerebrovascular disease: damage to blood vessels in the brain, which can break and bleed or block with fat deposits.A stroke occurs when blood flow is interrupted and brain cells die or suffer damage.
Coronary heart disease: heart disease caused by the narrowing of arteries that supply blood to the heart.If the blood supply is interrupted, the result is a heart attack.
Non -alcoholic fatty liver disease (EHGNA): accumulation of fat in the liver.EHGNA can progress to non -alcoholic steatohepatitis (EHNA) and chronic liver disease.It can be a complication of insulin resistance or diabetes.
Macrovascular disease: disease of large blood vessels, such as those found in the heart.Lipids and blood clots accumulate in these vessels, being able to cause atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease.
Microvascular disease: disease of small blood vessels, such as those found in eyes, nerves and kidneys.The walls of these vessels become unusually thick but weak, which can cause bleeding, protein leakage and slowing blood flow to cells.
Periodontal disease: gum disease.
Chronic renal disease (ERC): condition that causes a reduction in renal function for a prolonged period.The ERC occurs when the glomerular filtration rate is maintained below 60 milliliters per minute for more than three months.The ERC can develop over several years and can lead to renal disease in the terminal stage.
Clinical Test of Diabetes Control and its complications (DCCT): Study conducted by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Renal Diseases (Niddk) from 1983 to 1993 in people with type 1 diabetes. Studies showed that intensive care,Comparison with conventional therapy, helped to prevent or significantly delay diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease and neuropathy.Intensive therapy included multiple daily insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, along with multiple daily blood glucose checks.
Mobile scale: Instructions series to adjust the insulin dose based on the results of blood glucose tests,meals or physical activity levels.
Prospective study on diabetes of the United Kingdom (UKPDS): Study conducted in England from 1977 to 1997 in people with type 2 diabetes. The study showed that reducing blood glucose levels decreased the risk of eye diseases and renal damage.In addition, people with type 2 diabetes and hypertension that reduced blood pressure also decreased the risk of stroke, ocular damage and death due to long -term complications.
Eye exam with dilated pupil: test performed by an ocular care specialist in which the pupil is temporarily dilated with eye drops to allow a better visualization of the interior of the eye.
Risk factor: anything that increases the chances of a person developing a disease.
"Honeymoon" phase: temporary remission of hyperglycemia that occurs in some newly diagnosed people with type 1 diabetes, when some insulin production resumes for a short time, before stopping again.
Dawn phenomenon: Early elevation in the morning of blood glucose (between 4 a.m. and 8 a.m.).
Sitagliptin phosphate: Oral medication to treat type 2 diabetes. Reduce blood glucose helping the body to produce more insulin when it needs it and preventing the liver from glucose to release glucose stored in the blood.It belongs to a class of medications called DPP-4 inhibitors.(Brand: Januvia).
Fructose: natural sugar present in fruits and honey.It brings 4 calories per gram.
Gangrene: Death of body tissue, usually due to lack of blood circulation and infection.It can lead to amputation.
Gastroparesis: type of neuropathy that affects the stomach.Digestion can be incomplete or delayed, resulting in vomiting, nausea or gases, complicating blood glucose control.
Glaucoma: Increase in liquid pressure in the eye that can cause loss of vision.
GLIBURID: Oral medication to treat type 2 diabetes. Reduce blood glucose helping pancreas to produce more insulin and improving the use of insulin by the body.It belongs to a class of medications called sulfonylureas.
Glycogen: way in which the glucose is stored in liver and muscles;main source of energy stored in the body.
Glycosuria: presence of glucose in urine.
Glimepirida: Oral medication to treat type 2 diabetes. Reduce blood glucose helping pancreas to produce more insulin and improving the use of insulin by the body.It belongs to a class of medications called sulfonylureas.(Brand: amaryl).
Glipizide: Oral medication to treat type 2 diabetes. Reduce blood glucose helping the pancreas produce more insulin and improving the use of insulin by the body.It belongs to a class of medications called sulfonylureas.(Marks: Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL).
Glucagon: hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas.Raise blood glucose.An injectable glucagon form, available by recipe, can be used to treat severe hypoglycemia.
Glucose: one of the simplest forms of sugar.
A fasting glucose (IFG): condition in which a fasting glucose test shows a higher glucose level, but not high enough for a diabetes diagnosis.The IFG, also called prediabetes, is a level of 100 to 125 mg/dl.Most people with prediabetes have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
Gel glucose: pure gel glucose used to treat hypoglycemia.
Blood glucose: main sugar found in the blood and main source of body energy.Also calledblood sugar.
Postprandial blood glucose: blood glucose levels 1 to 2 hours after eating.
Preprandial blood glucose: blood glucose levels before eating.
Gram: Unit of weight in the metric system.An ounce is equivalent to 28 grams.In some feeding plans for people with diabetes, the suggested amounts of food are given in grams.
Fat: one of the three main food nutrients.Foods that provide fat include butter, margarines, salad dressings, oils, nuts, meats, birds, fish and some dairy products.Excess calories is stored as body fat, providing the body with a reserve energy supply and other functions.
Saturated fat: Type of food fat that can increase the risk of heart disease.It is found in meat, bird skin, butter, butter, vegetable fat and all dairy products except the skim or "fat without".
Trans fats: Type of food that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.Trans fats occur when liquid oils become solids by means of a process called hydrogenation.Foods with trans fats include those listings as hydrogenated fat or partially hydrogenated on the label, such as salty cookies, sandwiches, commercially baked products and some barns in bar.
Hyperglycemia: excessively high blood glucose level.Fasting hyperglycemia is blood glucose above the desired levels after a person has fasting at least 8 hours.Postprandial hyperglycemia is blood glucose above the desired levels after 1 to 2 hours after eating.
Hyperinsulinemia: condition in which blood insulin levels are higher than normal.Caused by the overproduction of insulin in the body.Related to insulin resistance.
Hyperlipidemia: levels of cholesterol and fat in blood higher than normal.
Hypertension: present condition when blood flows through blood vessels with a higher force than normal.Also known as high blood pressure.Hypertension can relax the heart, damage blood vessels and increase the risk of a heart attack, stroke, kidney problems and death.
Hypoglycemia: also called low blood glucose level, it is a condition that occurs when blood glucose is lower than normal, usually less than 70 mg/dl.Signs include hunger, nervousness, instability, sweating, dizziness or stunning, drowsiness and confusion.If not, hypoglycemia can result in loss of consciousness.It is about the consumption of carbohydrate foods, such as glucose or juice tablets.Hypoglycemia can also be treated with a glucagon injection if the person is unconscious or cannot swallow.Also called insulin reaction.
Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: State in which the person does not feel or recognizes the symptoms of hypoglycemia.People who have frequent episodes of hypoglycemia may not feel the typical warning signals.
Hypotension: low blood pressure or sudden decrease in blood pressure.The hypotension can occur when a person quickly lifes a position sitting or reclined, causing dizziness or fainting.
Body mass index (BMI): Indicator used to evaluate a person's body weight in relation to their height.It is used to determine if the person is in low weight, normal weight, overweight or obese.
Glycemic index: classification of foods containing carbohydrates, based on the effect they have on blood glucose, compared to a standard reference food.
Inhibitor ofALFA-GLUCOSIDASA: Oral medication class for type 2 diabetes that delays the digestion of high foods in carbohydrates, such as rice, bread, milk and fruit, resulting in a slower and smaller elevation of blood glucose during the day,especially after eating.(Generic names/marks: carebose/prose; miglitol/glyset).
ECA inhibitors: oral medications that reduce blood pressure.ECA means angiotensin converter enzyme.For people with diabetes, especially those with protein (albumin) in the urine, it also helps reduce renal damage.
Home: Referring to insulin, how fast insulin begins to reduce blood glucose levels after administered.The beginning can also refer to the moment when a person's diabetes began.
Insulin: Hormone that helps the body use glucose for energy.Beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin.When the body does not produce enough insulin, it must be administered by injection or other means.
Insulin Aspartato: Fast action insulin with a start of 15 minutes, action peak of 30 to 90 minutes and duration of three to five hours.(Brand: Novolog).
Short action insulin: type of insulin with a start of 30 to 60 minutes, action peak of 2 to 4 hours and duration of 5 to 8 hours.See regular insulin.
Intermediate action insulin: type of insulin with a start of 1 to 3 hours, a peak of action of 8 hours and duration of 12 to 16 hours.See insulin NPH.
Prolonged action insulin: type of insulin with a start of 1 hour, without a peak of action and duration of 20 to 26 hours.See Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargina.
Fast action insulin: type of insulin with a start of 15 minutes, action peak of 30 to 90 minutes and duration of 3 to 5 hours.See aspartate insulin, glulisine insulin and Lispro insulin.
Insulin Detemir: prolonged action insulin type with a start of 1 hour, without a peak of action and duration of 20 to 26 hours.(Brand: Levemir).
Glargine insulin: Prolonged action insulin type with a start of 1 hour, without a peak of action and duration of 20 to 26 hours.(Brand: Lantus).
Insulin Glulisin: Fast action insulin type with a start of 15 minutes, action peak of 30 to 90 minutes and duration of 3 to 5 hours.(Brand: Apidra).
Inhaled insulin: type of insulin in development that is administered through a special device that allows the user to inhale insulin through the mouth.
Lispro insulin: Fast action insulin type with a start of 15 minutes, action of 30 to 90 minutes and duration of 3 to 5 hours.(Brand: Humalog).
Insulin NPH: Intermediate action insulin with a start of 1 to 3 hours, action peak of 8 hours and duration of 12 to 16 hours.Also called Insulina N. (Marks: Humulin N, Novolin N).
PREMED INSULIN: Commercial combination of two different types of insulin.Several types are available:
- NPH insulin premezclada and regular insulin:
- 70% NPH and 30% regular (brands: Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30).
- 50% NPH and 50% regular (brand: Humulin 50/50).
- PREMIZCADA SUSPENSION OF INSULIN LISPRO AND INSULINA LISPRO:
- 75% Insulin Lispro Protamina and 25% Insulin Lispro (brand: Humalog Mix 75/25).
- 50% Insulin Lispro Protamina and 50% Insulin Lispro (brand: Humalog Mix 50/50).
- PREMIZCADA SUSPENSION OF INSULIN PROTAMIN AND INSULIN ASPARTATO:
- 70% Insulin aspartate protamine and 30% insulin aspartate (brand: Novolog Mix 70/30).
Regular insulin: short action insulin with a start of 30 to 60 minutes, a peak of action of 2 to 4 hours and duration of 5 to 8 hours.Also called Insulina R. (Marks: Humulin R, Novolin R).
Insulinoma: Beta cell tumor of the pancreas.An insulinoma can cause productionExcessive insulin, causing hypoglycemia.
Injection: Management of liquid medication or nutrients in the body through a syringe.
Intramuscular injection: Management of liquid medication in a muscle using a syringe.Glucagon can be administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection to treat hypoglycemia.
Subcutaneous injection: Liquid administration in the tissue under the skin by means of a needle and syringe.
Pen -type injector: instrument similar to a pen to inject insulin that contains a needle and an insulin cartridge.
ISLOTS: Groups of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones to help the body decompose and use food.For example, alpha cells produce glucagon and beta cells produce insulin.Also called Langerhans islets.
Janumet: Commercial brand of an oral medication to treat type 2 diabetes, combination of sitagliptine and metformin phosphate.
Lanceta: spring instrument used to prick the skin with a small needle and get a drop of blood for blood glucose check.
Insulin pen: Insulin inject instrument that looks like a pen and contains insulin replaceable cartridges.Also available in disposable way.
Lipid: term for body fat.Lipids can decompose and use for energy.
Lipoatropia: Loss of fat under the skin that results in small depressions.Lipoatropia can be caused by repeated insulin injections in the same place.
Lipodystrophy: Defect in the decomposition or accumulation of fat under the surface of the skin, resulting in packages or small depressions.Lipodystrophy can be caused by repeated insulin injections in the same place.See lipoatrophy and lipohhypertrophy.
Lipohhypertrophy: Fat accumulation under the surface of the skin that causes packages.Lipohhypertrophy can be caused by repeated insulin injections in the same place.
Exchange lists: one of several approaches to the Diabetes Meal Plan.Foods are classified into three groups according to their nutritional content.The list provides portions of portions for carbohydrates, meats and meat substitutes, and fats.The lists allow the replacement of food from different groups to keep the nutritional content constant.
Blood glucose meter (glucometer): small portable device used by people with diabetes to check blood glucose levels.After puncturing the skin with a lancet, a drop of blood is placed in the test strip on the device.Then, the meter indicates the blood glucose level.
Metformin: oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Reduce blood glucose by decreasing glucose production in the liver and helping the body better respond to insulin produced in the pancreas.It belongs to a class of medications called Biguanidas.(Marks: Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Riomet).
Mg/dl: Miligramos per deciliter, a unit that represents the concentration of a substance in a specific volume of liquid.In the United States, the results of blood glucose tests are reported as mg/dl.Other medical countries and magazines use millimoles per liter (mmol/L).To convert mmol/l a mg/dl, multiply mmol/l by 18. Example: 10 mmol/l × 18 = 180 mg/dl.
Neuropathy: nervous system disease.In people with diabetes, the three main forms are: peripheral neuropathy, autonomous neuropathy and mononeuropathy.The most common form is peripheral neuropathy, which affects feet and legs.
Autonomous neuropathy: type of neuropathy that affects the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, bladder or genital.
Focal neuropathy: type ofNeuropathy in which only a nerve or group of nerves is affected, producing weakness and sudden pain.
Peripheral neuropathy: Damage to nerves that affects feet, legs and hands, causing pain, numbness or tingling sensation.
Proximal neuropathy: type of neuropathy that causes pain in thighs, hips or buttocks, leading to weakness in the legs.
Blood glucose level: amount of glucose present in a specific amount of blood.In the United States, blood glucose levels are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl).
Pancreas: organ that produces insulin and enzymes for digestion.It is located behind the lower stomach and is approximately the size of one hand.
Pancreatitis: irritation of the pancreas that can stop working.Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic.Diabetes can develop when pancreatic tissue is destroyed by chronic pancreatitis and beta cells of pancreas insulin producers have been damaged.Pancreatitis can also occur as a side effect of exenatida (Byetta), a diabetes medicine.
Peptide C: substance that the pancreas releases the bloodstream in amounts equal to insulin.A peptide levels test shows the amount of insulin that the body is producing.
Lipid profile: blood test that measures the total levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol.Then LDL cholesterol is calculated from the results.A lipid profile is a measure of the risk of a person to suffer from cardiovascular disease.
Peak: referring to the action of insulin, the moment when insulin works more intensely to reduce blood glucose levels.
Charcot's foot: condition caused by nerve damage in which joints and soft tissue on the foot are destroyed.
Polydipsia: excessive thirst;It can be a diabetes signal.
Polyphia: excessive hunger;It can be a diabetes signal.
Polyinuria: urinating frequently;It can be a diabetes signal.
Prediabetes: condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes.Pediabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke.Other names for prediabetes are glucose and glucose intolerance altered in fasting.
Blood pressure: Force that blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels.It is expressed as two numbers, for example, 120/80, where the first issue is systolic pressure (when the heart pumps blood towards the arteries) and the second number is the diastolic pressure (when the heart is at rest).
Diastolic pressure: blood pressure when the heart is at rest.
Systolic pressure: blood pressure when the heart pumps blood towards the arteries.
Protein: one of the three main nutrients of food.Foods that provide proteins include meats, birds, fish, cheese, milk, dairy products, eggs and dried legumes.Proteins are also used in the body for cell structure, hormones such as insulin and other functions.
C -reactive protein: substance produced by the liver in response to injury or inflammation.High levels of C -reactive protein are associated with a higher risk of heart attack and stroke.
Proteinuria: condition in which urine contains large amounts of protein, a sign that the kidneys are not working properly.
Blood glucose test: Checking blood glucose levels after a person has remained without eating during the last 8 to 12 hours (usually during the night).ThisTest is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, and to know if people with diabetes are maintaining their blood glucose levels within the recommended levels.
Oral glucose tolerance test: Test to diagnose prediabetes or diabetes.It is administered after fasting during the night.A blood sample is extracted, then the patient takes a drink rich in glucose.Blood samples are extracted at intervals of 2 to 3 hours.The results are compared to a norm and show how the body uses glucose over time.
Insulin receptors: areas on the outside of the cell that allow the cell to join the blood insulin.When the cell and insulin bind, the cell can take blood glucose and use it for energy.
Insulin resistance: Inability of the body to respond properly to the insulin it produces.Insulin resistance may be related to obesity, hypertension and high blood fat levels.
Diabetic retinopathy: damage to small blood vessels in the retina.It can result in vision loss.Also called an eye diabetic disease.
Basal rhythm: Continuous long -term insulin supply, such as that used in insulin pumps.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (SOP): condition in which women have high levels of male hormones, increasing the risk of irregular or absent menstrual cycles, infertility, obesity, ovarian cysts, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.The SOP is related to insulin resistance.
Non -ketonic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar (HHNS): emergency condition in which blood glucose levels are too high and ketones are not present in the blood or urine.If it is not treated, it can result in a coma or death.
Metabolic syndrome: set of health conditions associated with a higher risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Includes hypertension, wide waist, high levels of triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and blood glucose levels above normal.Previously known as Syndrome X.
Immune system: body defense system against viruses, bacteria or any "strange substance."
Sulfonylurea: oral medication class used to treat type 2 diabetes that reduces blood glucose helping pancreas to produce more insulin and improving the use of insulin by the body.(Generic names/marks: chlorpropamide/diabinese; glymepirid/amaryl; glipizide/glucotrol, xl glycotrol; gliburid/diabet, gloss lending, micronase; tolezamide [generic only]; tolbutamide [generic only]).
Glucose tablets: chewable tablets made of pure glucose used to treat hypoglycemia.
Conventional therapy: term used in clinical studies when a group receives treatment for diabetes in which the A1C and blood glucose levels are maintained at levels based on current practice guides.However, the objective is not to maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as it is done in intensive therapy.Conventional therapy includes the use of medicines, food plan and exercise, as well as regular visits to medical care providers.
Combination therapy: combined use of different medications to control blood glucose levels.
Intensive therapy: Treatment for diabetes in which blood glucose remains as close as possible than normal.Optimal glucose levels are achieved by frequent insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, food plan, medication settings and physical activity.People subjected to intensive therapy work together with their team ofHealth professionals.
Islets transplant: Transfer of pancreas islets of a donor to a person whose pancreas has stopped producing insulin.Beta cells produce the insulin that the body needs to use blood glucose.
Pancreas transplant: surgical procedure that uses a complete or partially healthy pancreas of a donor and is placed in a person with diabetes.
Triglyceride: Fat stored in the body.High levels of triglycerides can occur when diabetes is uncontrolled.
Insulin unit: The basic measure of insulin.Insulin U-100 means 100 insulin units per milliliter (ml) or cubic centimeter (CC) solution.The majority of insulin produced today in the United States is U-100.
Xilitol: sweetening carbohydrates found in plants and used as a sugar substitute.Provide calories.It is found in some mint sweets and chewing gums.
Injection areas: places in the body where insulin is normally injected.
